A paediatric cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating heart problems in children, including congenital heart defects (present at birth), acquired heart diseases, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), and heart failure. They care for infants, children, and adolescents with heart conditions.

Signs of a heart issue in children include – 

• Rapid breathing or difficulty breathing
• Poor feeding or weight gain in infants
• Fatigue, especially during physical activity
• Bluish color around the lips or fingernails (cyanosis)
• Chest pain or palpitations
• Fainting or dizziness
• Swelling in the legs, abdomen, or around the eyes

The unit treats a range of heart conditions, including:

• Congenital heart defects (e.g., atrial/ventricular septal defects, Tetralogy of Fallot)
• Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)
• Cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle)
• Heart failure
• Kawasaki disease and rheumatic heart disease
• Pulmonary hypertension

Several diagnostic tests may be used to assess a child’s heart, including:

• Echocardiogram (Echo): Ultrasound imaging of the heart.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Records the heart’s electrical activity.
• Cardiac MRI or CT scan: Provides detailed images of the heart.
• Cardiac catheterization: A procedure used to diagnose and sometimes treat heart conditions by inserting a thin tube into a blood vessel and guiding it to the heart.
• Holter monitoring: A device worn to track heart rhythms over time.

Treatment depends on the child’s condition and may include- 

• Medications to manage symptoms, arrhythmias, or heart failure.
• Interventional procedures like balloon angioplasty, valve repair, or device closures for defects (non-surgical).
• Surgery for more complex conditions, including open-heart surgery to repair structural defects.
• Pacemakers or defibrillators for rhythm management.
• Heart transplants for severe cases of heart failure.

You should bring- 

• A full list of your child’s symptoms and any concerns you have.
• Previous medical records, test results, and referrals.
• A list of all medications your child is currently taking.
• Medical aid information and identification.

The hospital team will provide specific instructions for preoperative care, but general tips include – 

• Explaining the procedure in age-appropriate language.
• Ensuring your child follows any fasting or medication guidelines.
• Bringing comfort items like a favourite toy or blanket.
• Preparing your child for the hospital environment and staff.

After the procedure, your child may spend some time in a recovery area or intensive care unit (ICU) if needed. You will receive detailed instructions for home care, including managing medications, incision care (if surgery was done), and activity restrictions. Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor recovery.

Yes, children with heart conditions often require regular follow-up appointments to monitor their heart function, assess the effectiveness of treatments, and ensure proper growth and development. The frequency of visits will depend on the severity of the condition and the type of treatment.

Some heart conditions, particularly those that are minor, may resolve on their own or be successfully treated with surgery or other interventions. However, some conditions may require lifelong management with medications or follow-up care. Advances in paediatric cardiology have made it possible for most children with heart conditions to lead healthy, active lives.

Recovery depends on the type and complexity of the surgery. Most children stay in the hospital for several days to weeks after heart surgery. Recovery at home may include limited activity, wound care, and regular checkups. Your child’s care team will provide detailed instructions to help you through the recovery process.

Many children with heart conditions can lead normal, active lives, especially with proper treatment and management. However, they may need some lifestyle adjustments, such as avoiding intense physical activity in some cases or taking lifelong medications.

The paediatric cardiology team works closely with families to ensure they are fully involved in the child’s care. This includes explaining the diagnosis, treatment options, and any necessary home care. Family support is critical, and many hospitals provide counselling or education to help parents understand their child’s condition and treatment plan.

Dealing with a heart condition can be emotionally challenging for both the child and the family. The paediatric cardiology unit often provides access to:

• Counsellors or psychologists who specialize in helping children and families cope with medical conditions.
• Support groups for parents and families of children with heart conditions.
• Educational resources to help you understand and manage your child’s condition.